Application Service Provider
An Application Service Provider is a company that rents applications and related services over the Internet. Examples include email, payroll processing and ERP applications.
ASP
Acronym for Application Service Provider.
BPO
Acronym for Business Process Outsourcing.
Business Process Outsourcing
Business Process Outsourcing is the outsourcing of back office and front office functions typically performed by white collar and clerical workers. Examples include accounting, human resources and medical coding and medical transcription.
Captive Center
A company-owned offshore operation. The activities are performed offshore, but they are not outsourced to another company.
Functional Process Outsourcing
A company’s business processes end at its true customers, the people paying the bills. There are, however, many internal processes that exist to support people within the company and are often performed within a single department. Human resources, finance and accounting, travel, and facilities services are examples. When these functional processes are outsourced, along with the supporting technologies and supply chains that feed into them, it is referred to as functional process outsourcing.
Governance
The oversight and management of all aspects of an outsourcing relationship. Areas of focus include: change management, communications management, performance management, operational management, risk management, strategic management, and others.
Joint Venture
The onshore and offshore companies cooperatively form a new, separate company for a specific purpose, such as a manufacturing startup. Joint ventures are generally a long-term solution and requires capital investment.
Offshore Outsourcing
The outsourcing of any operation, be it information technology, a business process, or manufacturing to a firm whose principal base of operation is outside the country. Terms such as near-shore outsourcing or close-shore outsourcing are also used to indicate that while still outside the country, there is a closer proximity between the customer organization’s primary operations and that of the provider. For example, for a U.S. company Canada might be considered near-shore while India is offshore.
Outsourcing
Outsourcing is the management and/or day-to-day execution of an entire business function by a third party service provider. Outsourcing can be provided on or off premises, in the same country or in a separate country. A long-term, results-oriented relationship with an external service provider for activities traditionally performed within the company. Outsourcing usually applies to a complete business process. It implies a degree of managerial control and risk on the part of the provider.
Strategic Outsourcing
Outsourcing to achieve better return on investment and accelerated growth. Strategic outsourcing is approached as a redirection of the organization's resources toward its highest value-creating activities — its core competencies.
Transaction Processing Outsourcing
Business process outsourcing often involves transaction-intensive processes. Transactions, by their very nature, are clearly defined sets of related actions making them easy to describe, measure, and monitor. They are information-intensive and repetitive. While they are certainly critical to the operation of any business, they seldom offer much opportunity for creating competitive advantage.
Transformational Outsourcing
Outsourcing to take advantage of innovation and new business models. Transformational Outsourcing is approached as a way to fundamentally reposition the organization in its markets. The term Business Transformational Outsourcing is also used to combine this idea with that of Business Process Outsourcing.

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